A voltage divider is a fundamental circuit used in the field of electronics. It can produce a portion of its input voltage as an output. Here, it is obvious that total resistance of the network, R = R1 + R2 + R3. Find the voltage across each resistor using the voltage divider rule. voltage). 4. To find the current through R 2, we use the equivalent resistance of that branch, which Dec 6, 2022 · Calculate the voltage drop across each resistor and the current flowing through the circuit consisting of two resistors R1 = 20 Ω and R2 = 40 Ω. Potential dividers have two main purposes: To provide a variable potential difference. As the source terminal is tied directly to ground, this means Jul 21, 2009 · Voltage dividers apply to resistors in series. If we take 2 resistors connected in series the voltage from the power source is divided across each resistor. The magnitude of Vs depends on the relative resistance of R and S. Mar 27, 2020 · There are 2 paths for current between point A and ground one from the resistance R2 and second from the base-emitter junction of transistor and resistance RE. Here are a few examples of where a Voltage Divider circuit is found: Potentiometer. A voltage divider circuit is a very common circuit that takes a higher voltage and converts it to a lower one by using a pair of resistors. ⇒They consist of a power supply (such as a cell); a fixed resistor; and a third resistive component, whose resistance can be fixed (fixed resistor) or variable (variable resistors, thermistors, light-dependent Mar 8, 2024 · Voltage Divider Examples Voltage Regulation : A voltage divider can be used to control the voltage applied to a delicate electronic component when the source's voltage is too high. So, net current in the circuit = 54/36 = 1. We’ll also take the second equation and divide both sides by R1 : i1= vin−vout R1. output current) can be Nov 21, 2021 · The Basics #. R1 is a standard value of 220K. The use of the potentiometer as a measuring instrument is not required. This is particularly useful if multiple outputs are required from a single e. The ratio /. is the parallel resistance of R 2 and the load resistor R L . Oct 26, 2023 · Designing a voltage divider involves determining the values of the two resistors that will create the desired output voltage. 24V. Emitter-bias example converted to voltage divider bias. 2 . A second example is illustrated by Figure 7. It is all about ratios. 1 . 5). 1. Jun 1, 2017 · You can directly use the Voltage Divider Calculator below to calculate any of the values mentioned in the voltage divider formulae. We’ve added this calculator to a practical voltage divider calculator page that you can bookmark and come back to in the future. While the voltage ratios across the two capacitors may stay the same, as the supply frequency increases, the combined capacitive reactance decreases, and therefore so too does the total circuit impedance. Dec 12, 2017 · This physics video tutorial provides a basic introduction into voltage divider circuits. Generally, we need the Voltage division Formula where there is a Series network of the different elements like Resistor, Capacitor, or Inductor. Oct 31, 2023 · Voltage Division Rule. ! /. The tricky part in this problem is the polarity of . The designer needs to know the input voltage and the desired output voltage. Potential divider diagram and equation. Case 1: R1 In electronics, a voltage divider (also known as a potential divider) is a passive linear circuit that produces an output voltage (Vout) that is a fraction of its input voltage (Vin). vG = R2 R1 + R2 V DD v G = R 2 R 1 + R 2 V D D. e. Then: Where: C X is the capacitance of the capacitor in question, V S is the supply voltage across the series chain and V CX is the voltage drop across the target capacitor. V, To split the potential difference of a power source between two or more components. Step 2: Calculating the resistor values. For connecting n number of resistor in series then the voltage drop across each resistor can be Voltage Divider Rule with examples explained with following Timestamps:0:00 - Network Theory Lecture Series - Voltage Divider Rule with examples0:40 - Voltag Nov 21, 2023 · Example 1: Finding the output voltage from a two resistor voltage divider circuit. An example of an inductive voltage divider is the autotransformer that is used to get the variable voltage by changing the inductance of the circuit. Example with load. Consider a series circuit containing 2 resistors of 5 and 10 ohms. 1: Voltage divider bias for E-MOSFET. May 24, 2023 · Calculating the output voltage in a voltage divider circuit is a piece of cake. Resistor voltage divider examples. The divide-down ratio is determined by two resistors. Figure 6: Voltage Divider. Make notes about potential dividers and the potential divider equation. Usually, voltage divider bias circuitry is created as IB is less than the current flowing through the resistance R2 that is I2. Understanding how the resistors in the circuit allow this is important for designing many electronic circuits. To provide accurate voltage, these divider circuits are used. The phenomena of dropping the voltage proportionally is often called attenuation. Let's consider the current flowing through the circuit. Potential Divider Principle. It will be incorrect if one tries to find using voltage divider by neglecting . Note: To avoid dealing with so many short circuits, divider resistors with value zero will default to 1 when the voltage is changed and the load will default to 1000. Aug 1, 2018 · Figure 2. The resistors R1 and R2 set up the divider to establish the gate voltage. Vin – this is the input voltage that can be any value. Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) : In many ADC circuits, voltage dividers are essential components that aid in reducing analog voltage signals to a range Link to an Interactive White Board Presentation showing examples of Potential Divider calculations. Enter the following values into the calculator. Table of Contents. Sometimes, R 1 or R 2 are replaced by thermistors or light-dependent resistors (LDR) Thermistors’s resistance normally decreases as temperature increases. One resistor, the emitter resistor, R E also helps provide stability against May 22, 2022 · The Voltage Divider Rule (VDR) Along with Ohm's law, the key law governing series circuits is Kirchhoff's voltage law, or KVL. The voltage across R 2, U 2, is then a measure of light intensity. Keep in mind that we need a MAXIMUM of 5 volts to measure at the processor. Potential dividers are used widely in volume controls and sensory circuits using LDRs and thermistors. Tuttle – 2022 voltage/current dividers – 9 Example 4 Find i R3 in the circuit. If you encounter a circuit with resistors in parallel, you must combine any parallel resistors before applying the voltage divider equation. The idea is that by using two resistors in series it is possible to divide a voltage and create a different voltage between them. VB= [R2/ (R1+R2)]VCC. Vout – this is the input voltage to the Arduino (Vout < Vin) Either R1 or R2 and the calculator will calculate the other. 3. Using this formula, we can re-analyze the example circuit’s voltage drops in fewer steps: Voltage - Dividing Components First we’ll re-arrange a few of the equations, taking i2 = i1−i3 from the first equation and substituting into the third to yield: vout = (i1−i3)R2. We may solve for the voltage across, say, R 2, to obtain the so-called voltage divider relationship: v2 = Vs R2 R1+R2 v 2 = V s R 2 R 1 + R 2. Chapters:0:00 Intro0:11 General0:24 Examples1:01 A Dec 7, 2022 · In this video, I go over some worked examples showing you how to answer questions involving potential divider circuits from the Electricity topic in the High Mar 31, 2019 · When it is light, the output voltage needs to be 1V: Investigating potential dividers: An investigation of potential divider circuits can be carried out to find how the output voltage changes in different conditions. Substituting VCC , VBB , RB yields R1 and R2 for the voltage divider bias configuration. Applications of Voltage Divider Circuit. By applying voltage divider rule, the voltage across the Jul 2, 2021 · Consider the network of Fig. Although, the current through Nov 17, 2019 · Voltage Divider Formula Examples. The supply voltage is divided between the two resistances to give an output voltage Vo which is the voltage across R2. Similarly, \(r_G\) might correspond to a single gate biasing resistor or it might represent the equivalent of a pair of resistors that set up a gate voltage divider. Example. Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\): Generic common source amplifier equivalent. Figure 5. It is formed using two resistors (or any passive components) and a voltage source. The voltage across resistors R1, R2, and R3 are VR1, VR2, and VR3 respectively. d. If learning Ohm's law was like being introduced to the ABC's, learning about voltage dividers would be like learning how to spell cat. Nov 7, 2022 · At its most basic form, a voltage divider consists of two passive elements where the output V OUT is taken from the node in between them, as shown in the figure above. Written by Willy McAllister. 1 composed of three series-connected resistors and a voltage source of V volts. It’s essential to consider that the load connected to the output may 3. Therefore, applying the Ohm’s law results in . The formula for attenuation is: A = R1 + R2/ R2. Units. Case 1: R1 The voltage division rule is one of the basic rules of circuit analysis. Voltage or potential divider circuits are frequently used in various projects and applications. As we are only interested in finding one voltage, the voltage divider rule is a good candidate. Video (10 mins): Follow the examples on the video and add to your notes. Jul 8, 2021 · The voltage divider rule says that voltage drop across any resistor in a series circuit = resistance of that resistor x the current. For a voltage divider, understanding how the voltage gets divided across the resistors is directly linked to Ohm's law. A potential divider is a simple circuit that uses resistors to supply a variable 'potential difference' (i. These are examples of potentiometers - variable resistors which can be used to create an adjustable voltage divider. For example, it might be found that a suitable base current is provided by making R1 equal to 220 kΩ and R2 equal to 18 kΩ. 8 A 33 Ω Similar to example 3, we can cascade dividers to find the current in two steps. Below are some circuit examples where a potential divider concept is used: Jul 12, 2021 · In this video, we will discuss voltage dividers, their working principles, and why they are so widely used. By increasing the resistance of R 1 or decreasing the resistance of R 2, the V out will be increased. One of the common mistakes in using the voltage division rule is to use the formula for resistors which are in parallel with other elements. com. Jun 24, 2019 · The formula. ⇒Potential dividers are simple, three-component circuits designed to control the potential difference in a circuit. When using resistors, the voltage drop V OUT across a given resistor (R A, for example) is equal to V OUT = V IN * R A / R TOTAL. Since the resistors are in series, the same current (I) flows through both R1 and R2. VAB = VA – VB = 15 – 5 = 10 V. Example of Using Voltage Divider Formula. To reduce the power loss of a voltage divider, especially in ultra low power applications such as energy harvesting, some ICs, like the ADP5301 step-down regulator, feature an output voltage setting function in which the value of a variable resistor at the VID pin is only checked once during startup. 6. Effect of Changing R1 and R2. Then the potential difference between A and B is the voltage across the resistor. 5K ohm timer winding. 5 Potential divider. Step 1: Define the output voltage. Solved Example of Resistive Circuit using VDR. A voltage divider consists of two resistances R1 and R2 connected in series across a supply voltage Vs. The best example of a voltage divider is two resistors connected in series, with the input voltage applied across the resistor pair and the output voltage taken from a point between them. I = VAB / R = 10 / 10 = 1 Amps. The trick to using a voltage divider is to choose two resistors with the proper proportions relative to the full scale of the analog or digital input and the maximum signal voltage. Circuit current, I = V R. A series circuit acts as a voltage divider as it divides the total supply voltage into different voltages across the circuit elements. = V (R1 + R2 + R3) ×R1. Figure 3. Hence voltage divider or potential 3. Here, three resistors (R1, R2, and R3) are connected in series with 100V source voltage. Take a car battery as an example, the single e. In a simple DC electrical series circuit the voltage or potential difference between each component when added together will equal the voltage or potential difference of the power source. At first, you might look at the circuit, and think this is easy to figure out. Hence the voltage drops across each of them are proportional to their An example of voltage dividers in a breadboard, level shifting 5V signals to 3. We will use this property to determine the voltage drops across the individual components in our example circuit. Example 2: Calculate the output voltage of a voltage divider circuit with resistors of 6 Ω and 10 Ω, and an input voltage of 30 V. Figure2 shows a voltage divider circuit in which the total supply voltage V has been divided into voltages V 1 and V 2 across two resistances R 1 and R 2. Google Classroom. 5 A. For our first example of utilizing the Voltage Divider formula we are going to utilize the following values: Vin as 5v, R1 as a 220Ω resistor, and R2 as a 680Ω resistor. The link between the input voltage and the output voltage across each resistor is linked in an equation. 5. Also find the value of the Emitter resistor, RE if it has a voltage drop of 1v across it. Voltage dividers circuits are very common and are found in many applications. Repeat for a , , and loads. ≈12. One way to bias a BJT transistor is a method called voltage divider bias. This is good revision of the basic current and voltage laws and of the resistor equation. Now if we plug these values into our voltage divider equation, we should end up with something like what we have displayed below. Convert this previous emitter-bias example to voltage divider bias. Now, equivalent resistance of the circuit = 6 + 12 + 18 = 36 ohm. where. Determine \(V_b\). Now, to find the voltage across both resistors we need to apply the voltage divider formula for each. Please note that is leaving from the positive terminal of . A voltage divider is a simple series resistor circuit. The resistors are connected in series form. This is done by using two resistors in series to split or divide the voltage of the supply in a chosen ratio. Example: A frequency independent voltage divider Consider the voltage divider shown below for which the load may be modeled as a parallel combination of resistor R2 and inductor L2. 07/01/2024 by ohmschool. If we are considering only resistances, the voltage divider formula naturally Apr 22, 2024 · A common emitter amplifier circuit has a load resistance, RL of 1. For example, in the circuit shown below, R 2 is a photoresistor, which changes value as the intensity of the light impinging on it changes. Using the example circuit from the lesson take the input voltage to be 12 V, resistor 1 to be 2 ohms, and Similarly, the voltages across are 4V, 2V, 2V, 2V. Examples should include the use of variable resistors,thermistors, and light dependent resistors (LDR) in the potential divider. For example, the voltage division rule cannot be used in the following circuit directly. The output voltage is the voltage across R 2. Going in a clockwise loop around the circuit, we can write down the voltage drop of each component as a term in a governing equation. It is generally formed using two resistors and a voltage source. A properly designed voltage divider would allow us to connect the devices together. V out = + j V. Start by setting up a potential divider circuit containing either a thermistor or an LDR, with a voltmeter across this component. In a series connection, the same current flows through each resistor. This scenario is common. An example. vo R1 L2 R2 vs Figure 3 In terms of the impedance the circuit becomes Vs jL2ω R2 ZR2 Vo ZR1 ZL2 R1 Figure 4 The voltage Vo is given by () ()() 2// 2 2// 2 1 22 Nov 3, 2017 · Set up the Voltage Dividers. Example without load. Tallying up voltages around loop 2-3-4-5-6-7-2, we get: Jan 16, 2024 · Voltage Divider Applications and Incidence Examples of a Voltage Dividers in Appliances. Figure 15. 5K resistor and a 4. Jan 7, 2024 · Voltage Divider: Rule, Formula, Examples. It's output voltage is a fixed fraction of its input voltage. Mar 22, 2024 · Therefore the voltage at A is VA = 15 V and the voltage at B is VB = 5 V. Fig. If the supply voltage is 9 V, the potential at the base is 9 × 18 000/238 000 = 0. The output voltage Vo depends on the size Figure 1: An example potential divider 2 Calculations The voltage at the output V out is dependent on the input voltage V in and the ratio of the two resistors R1 and R2. It distributes the input voltage among the components of the circuit. " is equal to the ratio 1! 1". An important use of voltage dividers is to connect input transducers to circuits. The formula for calculating the output voltage is based on Ohms Law and is shown below. (Click to see a larger view). 2 : Circuit for Example 5. Example-1. It provides a simple formula to calculate the voltage across a resi Potential dividers are circuits that produce an output voltage as a fraction of its input voltage. Sensory resistors are used in potential dividers to vary the output voltage This could cause an external component to switch on or off; For example, a heater switches off automatically when its surroundings are at room temperature; Examples of the variable sensory resistors used are thermistors and light-dependent resistors (LDRs) Nov 16, 2023 · Using the Voltage Divider Formula: V out =20× ( 8 / 5+8 ) = 20 × 8/13. When two or more circuit elements are connected in parallel with a voltage source, the current in each branch can be calculated by simply applying Ohm’s law because the voltage across each circuit element is the same, and by dividing the voltage with branch resistance, the May 30, 2015 · This video introduces and explains potential divider circuits for A Level Physics. R 1 = Ω, R 2 = Ω, and V 1 =. , sinusoidal ones. Keep in mind, this solution only works in one direction. In application the output voltage depends upon the resistance of the load it drives. The voltage across resistor R1; Feb 24, 2012 · A voltage divider is a fundamental circuit in the field of electronics which can produce a portion of its input voltage as an output. 5 + 4 = 9. then the output circuit voltage is. 1: Voltage Divider Rule. Example - Potential (Voltage) Divider - High Power Consumption. A potentiometer is passive electronic component with a sliding or rotating function that acts as an adjustable voltage divider. Link to an Interactive White Board Presentation showing examples of Potential Divider calculations. To enable a specific potential difference to be Capacitive Voltage Divider Example No2 Using the same two capacitors, calculate the capacitive voltage drop at 8,000Hz (8kHz). Resistor voltage divider design. In the simple voltage divider example above, we have calculated the values for R 1 and R 2 as 500Ω and 1000Ω respectively, to produce a voltage at the wiper terminal (pin 2) of 6 volts with a wiper angular position of 180 o. 1st Resistance (R 1) 2nd Resistance (R 2) Voltage Output (V out) = V. where: V S is the source voltage, measured in volts (V), R 1 is the resistance of the 1st resistor, measured in Ohms (Ω). Voltage divider biasing of a JFET. Voltage dividers are one of the most fundamental circuits in electronics. The output voltage across the inductor is; Applications of Voltage Divider Jun 26, 2015 · Voltage and current dividers have many practical applications. 22 Ω 22 Ω 22 Ω 0. Solution: Given: R 1 =6. m. Therefore, voltage drop across 6 ohm resistor = 1. It is a very useful and common circuit and is widely used in our range of electronic kits. These values were previously selected or calculated for an emitter-bias example. It uses a few resistors to make sure that voltage is divided and distributed into the transistor at correct levels. Step by Step Design Process. 14a Unloaded voltage divider circuit. Summary. Then the current flowing across the resistor can be calculated using Ohm’s law as. Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (sometimes denoted as KVL for short) will work for any circuit configuration at all, not just simple series. If this voltage divider is supplying a load. A potential divider circuit can be used inside a refrigerator to switch on the cooling circuit when the temperature is high (more than 3°C). Calculate both the total resistance of this voltage divider circuit (as “seen” from the perspective of the 25 volt source) and its output voltage (as measured from the V out terminal to ground): Note that all potentiometers in this circuit are set exactly to mid-position (50%, or m = 0. A voltage divider alone will never be able to step a lower voltage up to a higher one. Voltage divider bias is the most popular and used way to bias a transistor. For. A series connection of resistors always acts as a voltage divider. The ratio R 2 / (R 1 + R 2) is then adjusted to yield the desired V out. Figure 2 shows a simplified block diagram of the same voltage divider circuit. You could use this to sense the level of sunlight, or the presence or Oct 4, 2016 · A potential divider is a simple circuit which takes advantage of the way voltages drop across resistors in series. You just need to know the values of the resistors involved and apply the voltage divider equation. A reminder: in general, V_1 V 1 and V_2 V 2 correspond to the amplitudes of signals, e. 3 VDC. After finding the value of VB you can May 22, 2022 · A series-parallel circuit is shown in Figure 5. This example problem uses both the voltage divider and current divider method to solve for unknown voltages, currents, and power values. The output voltage from a potential divider with two resistors R 1 = 10 ohms and R 2 = 20 ohms and input voltage 12 V can be calculated as U out = (12 V) (20 Ω) / ((10 Ω) + (20 Ω)) = 8 (V) The current through the potential divider R 1 and R 2 (ex. 13b. source has to Jun 30, 2024 · Voltage divider formula. The input voltage source is a 12 V DC battery. Sep 21, 2022 · Fill in the input voltage and resistor values in the voltage divider calculator below to find the output voltage: Voltage Input (V 1) V. source such as a cell. For example, let's assume we have a source that provided 5 VDC connected to another device that required 3. This is why this circuit is an example of a potential divider, because the resistors are dividing up the voltage (or potential). Therefore, the gate voltage can be expressed as Equation 3. The prototype for the voltage divider bias is shown in Figure 12. The potential divider used to supply constant or variable potential difference from a power supply. We can note that, as the resistance of sensory device (S) increases, the voltage also increases. These are not too bad - just follow the basic rules for circuits and you ca The result is that the voltage divider formula applied to resistors can also be used to find the individual voltages for two capacitors in series. The current divider rule is used when two or more circuit elements are connected in parallel with a current source. V out = V in R 2 R 1 + R 2 (1) For the example shown above with a 5V input, This gives: V out = 5V 220 220 + 220 (2) V out = 2:5V (3) Note: This equation is a simpli ed A simple example of a potential divider consists of two resistors in series, as shown in the diagram below. Here, KCL at the top node yields: May 22, 2022 · For example, if the amplifier is not swamped then \(r_S = 0\). For this example, the parallel combination of R 2, R 3, and R 4 combine to An example is shown; Potential dividers are used to split the potential that is distributed to a circuit, via a cell for instance, so as to achieve a desired p. Where one of the resistors in a potential divider is variable - an LDR or Thermistor for example - it is very important to know how V out changes when either R1 or R2 changes (and V in remains fixed). Nov 25, 2021 · A voltage divider is a simple circuit that can reduce voltage. V out = V at degrees. Inductive Voltage Dividers. Example: A voltage divider is used to to create a voltage supply from a battery by use of and resistors as shown. Voltage divider formula derivation. One great example of a voltage divider by design is in a Whirlpool electric dryer that has an “auto-mode”, where the 120v timer motor voltage is derived by splitting the 240v heat circuit voltage in two by a 4. The voltage divider rule is a Voltage Divider Calculator. The resistors are connected in series here and the voltage is given across these two resistors. Let’s look at an example: 8Ω as a fraction of the total resistance is equal to 4V as a Ohm's law, given by V= I × R, is the bedrock of circuit analysis. 2kΩ and a supply voltage of 12v. 0. 31V. Figure 6: Potential Divider This is known as the voltage divider formula, and it is a short-cut method for determining voltage drop in a series circuit without going through the current calculations of Ohm’s Law. Inductive voltage dividers have two coils connected in the series with an AC supply. g. We need a 5 volt drop to measure. And the voltage is acted across these two resistors. It is applicable to all series and combination resistor circuits. Jun 6, 2020 · Voltage Divider Circuit Explained with Solved ExamplesThis video explains the concept of voltage division with solved examples. Determine the output voltage when a load is attached to the output. This can be used for many applications, including control of temperature in a fridge or as audio volume controls. The supply voltage across the series resistor is 12V. 68 V. Z L = + j. The input voltage is applied across resistors R 1 and R 2 which are connected in series. Hence, V1 = IR1 = V R ×R1. In general, the layout it is the same as the voltage divider bias used with the DE-MOSFET. Application Dont's Oct 9, 2019 · Applications of Voltage Dividers. Only after combining the parallel resistors will the voltage divider equation work. A very common and useful series resistor circuit goes by the nickname voltage divider. The general voltage divider equation (or formula) for impedances is as follows: V_2 = \frac {Z_2} {Z_1+Z_2}V_1 V 2 = Z 1 + Z 2Z 2 V 1. At this point, let’s look at the voltage divider circuit. G. LDR’s resistance decreases as light intensity falling on May 22, 2022 · Figure 12. A voltage divider is a physical assemblage of resistors that allows you to lower a voltage. Let’s say you have a 12-volt source and two resistors in series, one with a value of 2000 ohms and the other with a value of 1000 ohms . May 22, 2022 · Combining these, we find that: Vs = (R1 +R2)i1 V s = ( R 1 + R 2) i 1. First, let’s concentrate on the two resistors. Vin (Volt) Vout (Volt) R1. Named after nineteenth century German physicist Gustav Kirchhoff, this law states that the sum of voltage rises and voltage drops around a series loop must equal zero (the rises and drops having opposite polarities). Note how it works for this parallel circuit: Being a parallel circuit, the voltage across every resistor is the same as the supply voltage: 6 volts. Calculate the maximum Collector current ( Ic) flowing through the load resistor when the transistor is switched fully “ON” (saturation), assume Vce = 0. In the defined formula for voltage divider, the current is leaving the voltage source from the positive May 24, 2010 · For example, check out this problem. We have assumed here that the potentiometer is unloaded and producing a linear straight line output, so V OUT = θV IN. will get a bigger proportion of the supply voltage. May 23, 2010 · Problem 1-16: Voltage Divider. We can use the Voltage Divider/Division Rule to find the voltage across each element of the circuit easily with examples. f. 5 x 6 = 9 Volt. The resistor 10 Ω is in parallel to the output voltage. I S splits between R 1 and the branch with R 2, R 3, and R 4. It is termed as a potential divider. output. Reading: Study the examples that illustrate how to calculate the output voltage of a potential divider. We can combine these two, substituting in for i1 : vout = ( vin−vout R1 −i3)R2. The two resistor voltage divider is used often to supply a voltage different from that of an available battery or power supply. R T = R 1 + R 2 = 20 + 40 = 60 Ω. To find the bias line, note that the gate current is essentially zero, and thus, the gate voltage is specified by the resistive voltage divider made of R 1 and R 2. Given, R 1 = 20 Ω and R 2 = 40 Ω, V s = 12 V. The potential at the junction of the two resistors of a potential divider depends on their ratio. Example of a well-placed voltage divider in a power supply. Find (or ) and (or ) using voltage division rule. jp aq mz rr cd rl wb xp lj zc